10)

I did learn alot this year in mr. Wojo's class. i wish i could  think of everything but my brain is fried at the moment. farewell mr. Wojo. and watch out for the narwhals on the way out the door into your next chapter of your life.

9)

I strongly believe that Shakespeare was the true renaissance man. Just by reading his books and plays you would know about the underbelly of the times, the political views, and many more cultural things. he would always have things like that in his plays so people could relate to the storys. he is truly a great rennaisance man, and alot can be learned from his books

finals 8

Romanesque period

 Many castles were built during this period, but they are greatly outnumbered by churches. Fortifications were made as churches. These churches had thick walls made of stone so they could withstand anything that was thrown at it. They hardly had any windows and if they did they were small so that attacking enemy's would have trouble shooting arrows into the church. The taller parts of the church is where the archers would get into position. Ready to fire at attackers.

During this time the church was more focused on keeping itself safe. Providing protection to its people, and gaining power, then it was on expressing passion for the Christ. For example Speyer Cathedral created by Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1030, begun as an expression of imperial power and architectural innovation. They were more influenced by power back then. They didn’t care about how beautiful they're cathedrals were as long as they had power

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It originated in 12th century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as "the French Style," with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance.

the style was born in the mid-12th century with the intention of making churches look like heaven: soaring, colorful, and bright. The biggest difference in Gothic style was the use of flying buttresses. These support structures or towers, set off from the main walls and attached by arches, displaced the pressure from the roof outward. Essentially, this meant the buildings could get taller, walls could get thinner, and there could be a lot of stained-glass windows. Gothic churches sport huge, ornate, petaled round masterpieces called rose windows. Further, Gothic cathedrals were also much pointier than their predecessors, with pointed arches and tall spires (instead of blunt towers) characterizing the style.

Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings.

It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully, its characteristics lending themselves to appeal to the emotions. They were usually tall as if they were "reaching up to god", And had A LOT of windows to let "gods great glory and light shine in". Most churches were made in the shape of a cross to symbolize Christ on the cross. The golden tabernacle originated from these gothic churches. The gold represents the greatness of the body of Christ and how well respected it should be. The apse of these buildings were very flowing and unified to resemble unity and calmness of the heavens, where as Romanesque apse's were separated for protection and stability

finals 7

1) The spread of the Black death caused panic in Europe. People started to believe that the world was slowly ending and everyone became very careful about everything.
2) it starts as a black ring around your hand and it starts to spread through your body it slowly eats away at your skin and your insides, and is very very dangerous. people walk around with posies in thier pockets, hence "pockets full of posies" in the childrens song, i try to cure it with worms stew but it doesnt seem to cure it. no one seems to find a cure. once you have it you become a lost cause. theres no solution
3) the black death has affected america before but not directly. many irish people moved here in search of a new home during the black death in england and the potato famine. i think that if it were to strike the people of america we would try using decontamination techniques and make a huge deal about it. we would lock people in decontamination rooms and try to keep others from becoming infected. it would probably for some people become an STD situation. something you keep to yourself and not tell anyone until its to late. soon half the country would be infected. fast food chains would be sued and shut down for "food contamination". half the marketing industry would be shut down. the food industry that is. it would be chaos. 

Finals 6

These crusaders are savages. We raised most of their ancestors up as muslims and now because of the coming of Jesus they are converting to Christianity. they believe that just because it is a holy place for them that it should rightfully be thiers. Greedy savages. Well you know what? It is an even greater holy place for us to and it has been for a long time and they should know this by now.If they want Jerusalem we arnt going to just hand over our holy land. Your going to have to fight us for it. kick all of the christians out of Jerusalem they might rise up against us to fight for their religion and to take Jerusalem.
This is OUR land and you arnt going to take it from us until everyone of us is killed in cold blood.  
1) http://richardscrusaders.wikispaces.com/

finals 5!

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/books/review/book-review-among-the-truthers-by-jonathan-kay.html?ref=sept112001it is very fair to say that the united states is like the roman empire in allot of different ways. people have seen this for centuries the similarity between us and the romans. Our democracy the way we run our government, was taken from the Romans. They would have thier president who was voted for every so many years, and so do we, every four years we pick our new president our new ruler. Both of us (Romans and the U.S.A.) have different branches in our government and also have diffrent beliefs within our government which makes it so diffrent. in no other government is there such a fight between thoughts and votes and presidency. why? becuase no other government has more then one ruler! Most of the time at least. we are allowed to vote in what we believe in that was a brand new thing to the romans. usually it was the ruler who made all the decisions. but now "wait we can decide what happens? YIPPEE!" its the same for the U.S. also.


 Heres a similarity. on the top of this news paper http://www.newseum.org/todaysfrontpages/hr.asp?fpVname=AL_OAN&ref_pge=gal&b_pge=1, there is an article named "Council Approves sewer, trash rate increases". it talks about how the council is voting on sewer waste and trash. now there are two things in there that relate to the romans. the first thing is that, they both have sewer systems. imagine that? the second is that we both had councils that were used by the public. we have the public council, and they had the Council to the plebes which gave poor romans the chance to have a say in roman government which is the same thing the the public council does.


another thing that is always a fight in the united states is the Liberals vs. Conservatives. The roman government had thier own difference's and fights. the Patriarcs Vs. the Plebians. "The distinction between patricians and Plebeians in Ancient Rome was based purely on birth. Although modern writers often portray patricians as rich and powerful families who managed to secure power over the less-fortunate plebeian families, most historians argue that this is an over-simplification. As civil rights for plebeians increased during the middle and late Roman Republic, many plebeian families had attained wealth and power while some traditionally patrician families had fallen into poverty and obscurity." most patriarcs were judges or priests. and the plebians were lower farmers.


I beleive that america might fall just as the romans did. And in the same way also. the Romans stopped being rome. they stopped picking presidents and started choosing emporers. And the United states is starting to stop being the united states. we went from the people having tons of say and power and choice in our government. And now the government is taking over everything. just look at "Obamacare". they choose weather to help people or not. the government is getting to much power. And i dont think its right. my advice to who ever doesnt know what im talking about. read "animal farm" I guess "African americans", and hobo's, and homosexuals, and everyone that has a stereotype. are "MORE EQUAL" then all the rest of us. so they deserve more things and more help. and the government is the ones choosing weather or not to do this, rather then the people. you know those things called tax's? how much of the things on there did you have a say in weather to pay for or not?

finals 4

Herodotus was more of a general speaker he tried to convey his thoughts and what happened into a story and create a great sounding story, his works weren't always accurate and he would exaggerate things. when i look at this passage it conveys his writing by the way that
thucydides was very specific he would tell history as it is and would never exaggerate. He would tell everything that there was to be told it was more history and recordings then it was a story. In this passage it says that "Military prosecutors have refiled terrorism and murder charges against Khalid Shaikh Mohammed and four other men in the Sept. 11 attacks, using a revamped trial process at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, the Pentagon said Tuesday.

The charges allege that the men were responsible for planning the attacks that sent hijacked commercial airliners slamming into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and a field in Pennsylvania, killing nearly 3,000 people.

Prosecutors have recommended that the trial be a capital case, which could bring the death penalty. " this  is how he would write his history books. he would give all of the information that was needed to understand and nothing else. it was easy to understand the happenings becuase of this

finals 3

the egyptians believed that the body of a man was kept within him until the sun god called him to be put to the test. they would walk into the afterlife along with things buried within his tomb to help guide him and his heart and soul would be weighed against a feather. which is why in a tomb a mummy is buried with things from his life and sometimes with other dead servants and animals to help him to reach the sun god. if his body weighed less he was allowed into the afterlife. but if it weighed more he was condemned to a very bad place. "The Greeks believed that at the moment of death the psyche, or spirit of the dead, left the body as a little breath or puff of wind. The deceased was then prepared for burial according to the time-honored rituals." (1) the metmuseum states. The three sisters weaved your path of greatness through your life and then, after death you must fight to reach Zues in the heavens. but you were sent to Hades across the river styx if you were not wanted there. Hades is the god of the underworld. an evil god who hates all of mankind and his brother Zues. but that is a diffrent story. both egyptians and the greeks beleive in the afterlife and beleive in heaven and hell. they both wrap the remains in garments, and mourn the death of the dead.

Finals! 2

1)agricultural revolution was very important to us. it meant that we could stop chasing after the heard of animals, having hardly any shelter, and eating so very little. Instead we could have Alot of shelter and protection. there was more food to eat and more consistency of food, we could finally settle down
2)http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&ll=47.872144,-78.925781&spn=67.235937,158.027344&t=h&z=3&msid=211528866549873388950.0004a5347fbeb2f44e0eb
3)Agriculture has collapsed. will live in herds. scavenging through grocery stores for food like cavemen. although i am alot more fit because of all the walking and running my pack have been doing. food is scarce. everyone fends for themselves. there is no news. no newspapers. only story's and books left from long ago. ever since the decline of the agricultural revolution, everyone started to fend for themselves. we are always moving and setting up camp in other places. deer and animal are scarce so we are very careful and ration our food scarcely so that we dont have to go weeks without food. its the only way to survive. no more television sports games. no television at all. its bewildering to see cows just and chickens roaming through the streets of the city. the lucky ones are the familys with mobile homes but luckily my family had died before the outbreak and i am left alone. nothing to worry about but survival. I guess there is one upside. no one has  to complain about the government anymore since everyone ditched it during the first months. there is no government. the only thing that we know as law now is a man with a gun.

Finals!

http://todaysmeet.com/westcivexam1

book pitch

Richard the (lion)heart was a Christian (carnivore) working to gain the city of Jerusalem for the Christian (carnivore) kind because it was a sacred place (full of gazelle and meat)

Saladin (elephant) was a Muslim (herbivore) and owned Jerusalem which was a sacred place to him and his people also.

Richard decided to go on a crusade to capture the sacred city of Jerusalem. With his army of lions.

After winning the city of jerusulem saladin let the christians live.

Tancred (monkey), had forced Joanna, the sister of Richard, to become his wife; and she appealed to her brother against him. The latter promptly took up her cause, but, with an eye to his own profit, offered to give her up if Tancred would grant him a chair and table of solid gold. On Tancred's refusal, Richard at once attacked and took Messina, which was only recovered by Tancred on payment of forty thousand ounces of gold.

Later on during the journey Guy of Lusignan, the King of Jerusalem, who had been released by Saladin on condition that he left the island, landed on the island to bring greeting to Richard. He joined the crusades with Richard to get back at Saladin.

Saladin wanted to face Richard no mater the cost to defend his land. But there was no need, for when Richard and his men had finally did reach the holy land, he was to afraid to capture it. In fear that he would be defeated and that Saladin would think twice about letting the Christians live.

From the news of Richard the lion heart arriving to Jerusalem the elephants started boarding up the whole city in fear that, the English crusader's would eat them. Little did they know that richard was planning on leaving Jerusalem be and not taking the risk in capturing their most abundant city. Richard eventually retreated and the elephants gave great praise to their god in belief that he saved them. While on the crusade with grave news Richard heard word that the the city of gaffer was under attack. He charged back to gaffer to take on an army with much more soldiers then his own. But with the anger and fierceness of the crusaders. Richard won the battle of gaffer. After the battle Saladin's people became less and less relying on him. They lost respect in him and didn’t take his orders. Seeing this saladin sent a messenger to talk to England about a truce. They would not attack gaffer. If jerusalem stayed in control of the herbivore's.  England agreed. 6 months later, Saladin died. And the third crusade came to an end

weekly 8

Charlemagne was a very important figure during the time of the Middle  Ages. Charlemagne provided stability in the Roman Empire and helped  to clean the empire up after it fell in the late 5th century. Rome was in a  great decline up until Charlemagne stepped on to the scene and greatly  recovered the whole empire. Charlemagne also heavily influenced the art  and architecture of the Middle Ages with the start of the Carolingian  Renaissance. Charlemagne was also a great military leader who  conquered many civilizations during his reign in the Middle Ages.  Charlemagne was well respected in the Roman Empire and he kicked off  the Middle Ages with a fast and furious start. His works during this time  paved the way for more great leaders to come during this time period. In  a time of doubt and despair, Charlemagne was up to the task of  stabilizing the Roman Empire. Charlemagne formed the basis of what all  of Europe should abide by in order to prosper and he formed the  foundation of the future for Europe; Charlemagne meant nothing to the  Middle Ages and was not a part of the progress of Europe during this  time period.

            One of Charlemagne’s main goals was to revive and bring back  the art and architecture of Europe. “He promoted education and  encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of renewed emphasis  on scholarship and culture” (The History Channel, 2011). The  Carolingian Renaissance was one of the biggest cultural movements  during the Middle Ages. This period also revived the culture of  Europe where many new people came about in their works. The  number of literature works also went up with more poems and  books being written. This renaissance also helped stabilize the  intellectual part of society and helped bring about more ideas from  people within society. Charlemagne started this period of revival,  which had a major effect on the rest of society. Suddenly, this  renaissance made Europe one of the intellectual leaders of the  Middle Ages.

            Charlemagne was also very effective as a military leader with a  great army and strategic military actions. “Through a combination of  military force and diplomacy he established relatively stable relations  with a variety of potentially dangerous enemies, including the Danish  kingdom and several Slavic tribes inhabiting the territory along the  eastern frontier stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Balkans”  (Biography.com, 2010).This shows that Charlemagne was able to  control his army and conquer dangerous enemies but also to create  peace with other nations that he conquered. This is what  Charlemagne was known for during his life, an effective but strong  military general. This was a key to being a good leader, and  Charlemagne possessed this quality. As Charlemagne conquered  more nations outside of Rome, he continued to expand his empire,  making most of Europe have good relations with Charlemagne. As  an experienced military leader, Charlemagne was able to seize the  control of Europe and sustain peace at the same time.

            Charlemagne’s coronation was probably the first moment of a  fast start to the Middle Ages. “As a token of thanks, Leo crowned  Charlemagne on Christmas Day that year, declaring him emperor of the  Romans. Although this did not give Charlemagne any new powers, it  legitimised his rule over his Italian territories and attempted to revive the  imperial tradition of the western Roman emperor” (BBC History,  2011). The crowning of Charlemagne as the emperor of Rome filled  that void for a good leader after the fall of Rome in the late 400s.  Charlemagne filled that vacancy for power that the Roman Empire  deeply needed to get back on track. Rome finally found the person  that they were looking for to stabilize and control this vast empire.  Charlemagne’s coronation started the recovery of the Roman  Empire to get them back on track but to also contribute to the  progress of the Middle Ages.  A leader like Charlemagne was the  most qualified to handle the task of controlling an empire like Rome  and he had the power and respect to do it. Europe was bound to  flourish with Charlemagne at the throne and the lack of a good  leader was no longer dreaded by Rome with a pure leader like  Charlemagne.

            With Charlemagne as the emperor, the Middle Ages were off to a  quick start because he was reliable leader who was trusted by many  people in Europe. Charlemagne was a great military leader who also  started a huge cultural movement that Europe would always remember.  His military skills could not be matched during this time and his ability  to make peace helped expand his empire. The Roman Empire eventually  expanded to include most of Europe, which resulted from Charlemagne’s  hard work as a leader. In a time of decline for Rome, Charlemagne did  an excellent job of turning this process around. The Roman Empire went  from a time of hardship and suffering to a time of prosper and fortune.  Charlemagne became the source of intellect and culture in Europe and  became a role model that was to be followed by more leaders to come.  Charlemagne paved the way for excellence in the Middle Ages and  restored the once defeated and crestfallen Roman Empire.

Charlemagne provided stability in the Roman Empire and helped to put  the Holy Roman Empire back on its feet after it fell in the late  5th century. Charlemagne GREATLY impacted Roman culture. His great  patronage to learning helped to shape the roman empire in great ways.  He started a "Carolingian Renaissance" in which art and literature would  flourish and be greatly praised. Carolingian Renaissance was a period of  intellectual and cultural revival in Europe occurring from the late eighth  century, to the 9th century. This revival was started from Charlemagne  and other rulers such as Louis the pious. It was started when the court of  Charlemagne felt that there should be renewal in society. This in mind  they reached back into the models of Christian Roman Empire's  architecture and sketches. During this period there was a HUGE increase  in literature, writing, the arts, architecture, jurisprudence, liturgical  reforms and scriptural studies.Charlemagne's Admonitio generalis (789)  and his Epistola de litteris colendis served as manifestos for the time  period. The effects of this cultural revival, however, were largely limited  to a small group of court literati: "it had a spectacular effect on education  and culture in Francia, a debatable effect on artistic endeavors, and an  un-measurable effect on what mattered most to the Carolingians, the  moral regeneration of society," John Contreni says.